Climate Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Climate Change - Research Paper Example This issue is extremely important because it can cause a lot of damage to human beings if nothing is done about it in the future. It can have life-threatening ramifications should nothing be done about it immediately. Methane is another very important greenhouse gas, large quantities of methane is produced by domesticated animals which again directly affects the environment. Coal mining and oil drilling are other activities which produce methane in abundance; these activities are done on a daily basis producing unimaginable quantities of methane. These important things must be understood to be really able to restore the normal climatic conditions, there is a lot of pollution everywhere these days, the most populated countries like India and China release alarming amounts of harmful gases each day, this must be put to an end soon to ensure that there are no calamities in the future. â€Å"Electricity is the main source of power in urban areas. All our gadgets run on electricity generated mainly from thermal power plants. These thermal power plants are run on fossil fuels (mostly coal) and are responsible for the emission of huge amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.† (Causes of Climate Change) â€Å"Much of the world’s economy is underpinned by carbon – the ‘fuel’ in fossil fuels. ... Deforestation is certainly one thing which we must refrain from doing, there are other activities like mining, running air conditioners the whole day and so on, these activities release harmful gases into the environment which in turn cause climate change. It is high time to reduce these activities gradually so that we do not face the wrath of Mother Nature. ii. Carbon dioxide emission can be drastically reduced by using solar energy and LPG, LPG is being used in some countries and some others use solar energy but it is important to cut down the carbon dioxide emission otherwise it is all doom and gloom for us. iii. The most important thing is to ensure that Co2 emission is reduced drastically, the next important thing is to ensure that no deforestation takes place. Cutting down on methane is also very important. Other things include cutting down on wastage like running air conditioners for fewer hours so that it emits harmful gases for a limited hours. These things can bring about a lot of positive changes. iv. â€Å"Climate change may result from both natural and human causes. The importance of human causes has been increasing during the past few decades.† (Global Warming Facts) Global warming and climate change are very closely related concepts; the depletion of the ozone layer is expected to cause a lot of damage. Skin cancer is one of the biggest fears should the ozone layer be depleted further. â€Å"Livestock lead rice-growing, gas-flaring, and mining in global emissions of this highly potent greenhouse gas. Options for reducing methane emissions go beyond reducing beef and dairy consumption. These mitigation strategies also include reducing methane emissions from mines, gas production facilities, and

UK Protection of Interest of the Rights Holders

UK Protection of Interest of the Rights Holders INTRODUCTION In the 17th century, the economic investments of publishers and printing press where threatened by unlicensed copyist who were involved in unauthorised printings and reproduction of copyrighted material.[1] At that time, the common-law remedies were very in effective making the publishers to labour in vain. The introduction of the 1709 Statute of Anne put a landmark in the protection of copyright in literary works in the form of statutory monopolies and regulations, giving the authors exclusive rights and used to control the distribution of books by publishers.[2] The act provided a copyright which lasted for 14 years and if the author were still alive during the period of its expiry, the right will be returned to him for another 14 years, giving a total of a 28-year period.[3] The law on copyright started to develop and included things like sculptures, engravings and some others. The law of intellectual property (IP) has been closely linked with economic development and innovation. The case of Donaldson v Beckett established that copyright is considered to have a dual purpose.[4] The first purpose is to protect the interest of the right holders so they are encouraged to publish their works and make gains from it. The second purpose is to encourage creativity and innovation and the sharing of knowledge so that the public can have access to copyrighted work for learning purposes. As copyright developed a key issue arose which is need for legislators to strike a balance between the protection of the interest of the right holders and the promotion of innovation and creativity of the public at large. Legislature has worked hard to achieve a good balance as the size of the statute has increased over the years. The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA), is the current act which attempts to create the balance. These groups of conflicting interest argue that its interest should be prioritised by the legal framework but legislature should not prioritise any interest to achieve a balanced system.[5] This paper will discuss the current situation on how the UK achieves an effective balance between the protection of interest of the rights holders and the encouraging of innovation and creativity, by using the scope of copyright to find how it is necessary for economic growth. It will look at issue concerning the duration of copyright in UK. Finally, this paper takes a critical look at defence of fair dealings in the UK and compares it to fair use in US. This essay concludes that the law on copyright does not create an effective balance between the interest or the right holders and the encouragement of innovation and creativity. SCOPE OF COPYRIGHT Lessig defines the scope of copyright as the range of rights granted by the law.[6] The law of copyright has expanded and tried to adapt because of development in technology. In modern times, the law on copyright does not only cover publishing, printing of a creative work it extends to derivative works and all the steps previously taken by taken by authors to protect their works have been abolished by the rule that imposing authors to accept the protection offered by the law.[7]ÂÂ   Copyright work covers a wide range of materials and output and does not require any form of registration like patents or designs. To illustrate the extent to which copyright goes, in the case of Elanco v Mandops, the court established that the label with instructions on a barrel of herbicide is a literary work that is subject to copyright.[8]ÂÂ   The law tries to create a balance by making provisions for adequate protection and adequate access. The idea of this balance originated from the 1709 S tatute of Anne where it was established that the purpose of the act was for the Encouragement of Learning, by Vesting the Copies of Printed Books in the Authors or Purchasers of such Copies.[9] It was also established in the 1774 case of Donaldson v Beckett, where it saw the nature of copyright as distinct from traditional forms of property mainly because of its underlying social function.[10] Copyright work needs to be accessible and this can be explained in the following ways as the development of human society is based on derivation of the works of others. First, the public needs to have access to copyright work so that they can access the ideas of the works. The use of the idea is free from copyright infringement if the user will not copy the expression of the idea for the author. Second, the public involves two groups of people, which are the users who use the work as a source of learning and the potential authors who borrow ideas from them. If the works of the author are not a vailable, he will receive monetary rewards without contributing to the society and hindering economic development.[11] The protection of copyrights of the right holder is based on the basic idea of why should someone reap benefits from the work of another. Copyright has been closely linked with the economic principle of monopoly, it is often criticized to be harmful to the public interest in a free and open competition. They claim that it will give monopolist the power to increase the prices and they will make it difficult for these rights to be accessed. Adherents of this principle of monopoly have suggested that the monopoly exists in a temporary form to creators and innovators, and it incentivises for creativity through the offer of time limited on innovative investment and economic rewards.[12] In a system with poor IP rules where consumers can use goods without paying for them, no one will want to invest in innovation as it will put them at a competitive disadvantage and the output of useful works will start to diminish having a negative impact on the knowledge base of the society. THE DURATION OF COPYRIGHT In considering the extent to which the UKs law achieves a balance in copyright law, the duration of the law is an important factor to be considered. It is important because it determines when the work will be open to the public domain, if the term of copyright is too short it will have a negative effect on the right holders as they will not be motivated to create works when they cannot reap the benefits.[13] The duration of copyright has been controversial and there have been debates on the topic of how long copyright should last.[14] In the CDPA 1988, the length of copyright is the life time of the author with an additional 70 years for literary works. The length was initially lower by 20 years which was argued to be more than adequate. The question of why the copyright law has given such extended timeframe was answered in 1991 by The World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and it was also suggested in connection with a possible Protocol to the Berne Convention. The justification for length of copyright here was stated in the Preamble to the draft Directive saying: The Commission stresses the need to harmonise copyright and neighbouring rights at a high level of protection since these rights are fundamental to intellectual creation and their protection ensures the maintenance and development of creativity in the interest of authors, cultural industries, consumers and society as a whole.[15] The protection provided for authors is of positive value but by providing them with endless monopoly rights is detrimental to the security of the good of the public.[16] It can be argued that there was once a balance in 1790, where the Congress passed the first copyright law that was available for 14 years and renewable for another 14 years for works they wanted. The enactment of the new law has caused the public domain to be eroded rather than enriched.[17] The increase in the duration has caused a reduction in the creativity and causes problems that are harmful to its own purpose and welfare. From the economic perspective, extended periods of copyright will bring about an increase costs to the consumers by the additional payment and the cost of collection.[18] It can also be argued that this extended periods for copyright are not necessary to protect the commercial exploitation of works as they are rapidly exploited, they may be sold to gain part of gain from part of the royalties. [19] The length of copyright terms has deprived the public of creative inspiration and puts the public at a loss, which is the opposite of a motivation for further creation. With the situation in the UK it has become clear that the long-lasting copyright is cannot work in favour of the public, which is its main objective. FAIR DEALINGS Since the introduction of Copyrights Act in 1911, there have been different statutory defences that have been existing in relation to copyright infringement, and fair dealing is the most important of them all. Fair dealing in the UK is similar to the Fair use in USA. Fair dealings have been recognised by case law prior to the 1911 Act, which tries to strike a balance between the interest of the right holder and interest of the user for encouragement of innovation and creativity. This was supported in the Governments Green Paper which stated that: These exceptions are of obvious importance in that they seek to establish a proper balance between the legitimate interests of copyright owners and the legitimate desires of users of copyright material. [20] It covers three main areas which include private study and research, review and criticism and news reporting. Fair dealings for research and private study can be found in s29 of the Act. If the relevant conditions are met there will be no infringement of copyright for the purpose of research. The rule fair dealing also applies to dramatic, literary, musical or artistic works for research purposes but there must be no commercial benefit from it. An example of this is the case of Green Amps, where the High Court decided that there was a breach of the non- commercial restriction when copying took place in a non-commercial research which the end-product was a commercial product.[21] Fair dealings for criticism gives permission to the use of the work of others for criticising and reviewing work as long sufficient acknowledgement is given. The work must be published through an authorised act for this defence to apply. Fair dealings for the purpose of reporting current events applies to all works apart from photographs The term fairness does not have any defined meaning and it must be defined by the court. To determine fairness the court has a set of tests which it uses. There are 3 main factors for this test but they are not fixed.[22] The first is if the fair dealing is commercially competing with the authors exploitation of his work. The second factor is whether the work has been published to the public in some form, but still leaves the possibility of fair dealings with unpublished works. The third factor is the amount and the level of importance of the work that has been taken. It indicates that work should not be taken beyond what is reasonable or appropriate.[23] Other relevant factors have been set out in the case of Fraser-Woodward by Mann J, which list the factors above and others of relevance like the intended use of the work, whether the work has unreasonably prejudiced the interest of the author.[24] The UK law on fair dealings is often criticised as being inflexible, restrictive and impedes innovation and undermining its primary purpose of facilitating creation and the exchange of new works. On several occasions, it has been directly compared with the Fair use system adopted in US. The fair use has been described to be a flexible system, although it may have its disadvantages one of which is the uncertainty in the law,[25] it can still be argued to be a better system than that in the UK. The test for fair use in the US includes, first the purpose and character of use, the nature of the copyright work, the amount and substantiality of the portion used and the last relevant factor is the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.[26] The system in the US is more flexible and it is more of a general defence than the fair dealings as it gives the court the opportunity give room for new exceptions or the modification of existing ones as we conti nue to experience development in technology.[27] In a system with an open-ended defence there is less need to worry about the changes that might occur in the future as the flexibility of the law is enough to adapt to changes. The current state of fair dealing can also be seen to restrict the development of scholarly works. The British Library commissioned a paper that criticised UKs copyright law saying it has to be redefined as it brings about difficulty in licencing works, as permission is needed from the right holder.[28] If the source cannot be found, the work cannot be used and this reduces the quality of research.ÂÂ   The law regarding fair dealing are not in line with the interest of the users and the creatives. They are illegitimate and they restrict innovation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the area of law which copyright should cover is forever increasing, so the legislative body of the law must stay in tune with these changes and it is left with the task to strike a balance between the interest rights holder and the encouragement of innovation and creativity. The scope of copyright law is very broad and almost any right material could fall under this therefore making it difficult to control and strike a balance in the law. The imbalance in the law will hinder the encouragement of creativity and will have an effect on economic development. The duration of the copyright has been an issue and will always be. Its excessive length is an interruption to the process of creativity and innovation. Although it has a long list of problems it still has not found a reason to start rethinking alternatives. The fair dealing is another important area of copyright law and in the UK, it is very rigid compared to that of the US and it does not cover works that may come about in the future. There might need to be a reform in this area of the law. The law in UK has been making a conscious effort to strike a balance between the interest of the shareholders and the encouragement of creation and innovation of the public but it is argued here to be inadequate. BIBLIOGRAPHY Calum Docherty, Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Reforming Fair Dealing in English Copyright Law, Law School GDL Christopher John Adduono, Rebalancing Copyright Law [2015], Faculty of Business and Law, 1-355 Duke, Copyright Should Fair Dealing be replaced by Fair Use? 2011 Eva Garmpi, Alternatives to Copyright [2006] KLS LLM Gillian Davies, Copyright and the Public Interest [1997] Hua, J. J. (2013). Toward a more balanced approach: rethinking and readjusting copyright systems in the digital network era. Chapter 2 Laddie, Justice, Copyright: over-strength, over-regulated, over-rated? E.I.P.R. 1996, 18(5), 253-260 Professor Ian Hargreaves, Digital Opportunity, A Review of Intellectual Property and Growth [2011] CASES Donaldson v Beckett [1774] 4 Burr. 2408 Elanco Products ltd v Mandops (Agrochemical Specialist) Ltd [1979] FSR 46 Fraser-Woodward Ltd v BBC [2005] EWHC 472 (Ch), [2005] 28(6) IPD 11 Green Amps [2007] EWHC 2755 (Ch) [21]-[23] PCR Ltd v Dow Jones Telerate Ltd [1998] EMLR 407, [1998] FSR 170 [1] Laddie, Justice, Copyright: over-strength, over-regulated, over-rated? E.I.P.R. 1996, 18(5) [2] Ibid. [3] Hua, J. J. (2013). Toward a more balanced approach: rethinking and readjusting copyright systems in the digital network era. Chapter 2 [4] Donaldson v. Beckett [1774] 4 Burr. 2408 [5] Christopher John Adduono,2015, Rebalancing Copyright Law, University of Southampton Faculty of Business and Law, pp. 1 [6] Eva Garmpi, Alternatives to Copyright [2006] KLS LLM [7] Ibid. [8] Elanco Products ltd v Mandops (Agrochemical Specialist) Ltd [1979] FSR 46 [9] Hua, J. J. (2013). Toward a more balanced approach: rethinking and readjusting copyright systems in the digital network era. Chapter 2 [10] Donaldson v Beckett [1774] 4 Burr. 2408 [11] Hua, J. J. (2013). [12] Professor Ian Hargreaves, Digital Opportunity, A Review of Intellectual Property and Growth [2011] [13] Ibid. [14] Davies G, Copyright and the Public Interest (VCH, 1994), Page 194 [15] ibid, page 198 [16] Eva Garmpi, (2006) Alternatives to Copyright, KLS LLM Dissertation [17] ibid, page 12 [18] Professor Ian Hargreaves 2011, Digital Opportunity A Review of Intellectual Property and Growth [19] Eva Garmpi, (2006) Alternatives to Copyright, KLS LLM p.11 [20] Gillian Davies, Copyright and the Public Interest [1997] [21] [2007] EWHC 2755 (Ch) [21]-[23] [22] Duke, Copyright Should Fair Dealing be replaced by Fair Use? 2011 [23] PCR Ltd v Dow Jones Telerate Ltd [1998] EMLR 407, [1998] FSR 170 [24] Fraser-Woodward Ltd v BBC [2005] EWHC 472 (Ch), [2005] 28(6) IPD 11 [25] Duke, Copyright Should Fair Dealing be replaced by Fair Use? [26] Laddie, Justice, Copyright: over-strength, over-regulated, over-rated? [27] Ibid. [28] Calum Docherty, Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Reforming Fair Dealing in English Copyright Law, Law School GDL

Life Behind the Veil in Du Bois The Souls of Black Folk Essay

Life Behind the Veil in Du Bois' The Souls of Black Folk Du Bois' metaphor of double consciousness and his theory of the Veil are the most inclusive explanation of the ever-present plight of modern African Americans ever produced. In his nineteenth century work, The Souls of Black Folks, Du Bois describes double consciousness as a "peculiar sensation. . . the sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity" (Du Bois, 3). According to Du Bois assertions, the Black American exists in a consistent "twoness, - an American, a Negro"(3). Further, he theorizes, the African American lives shut behind a veil, viewing from within and without it. He is privy to white America's perspective of him, yet he cannot reveal his true self. He is, in fact, protected and harmed by The Veil. Nearly a century later, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., himself a Harvard scholar, addresses the anomaly of the Afro-American as he has existed for the past two centuries; that the Black American's greatest obstacle is the lack of self determination. The inability to define oneself will undoubtedly lead to an unhealthy dependence upon the definition of a biased party that will apply an erroneous definition. Gates states that "the Afro American's attempt to gain self-consciousness in a racist society will always be impaired by the fact that any reflected image that he or she seeks in the gaze of white Americans is refracted through 'the dark veil-mirror of existence'..."(Du Bois, xx). Since 1945, in what is defined by literary scholars as the Contemporary Period, it appears that the "refracted public image"(xx) whites hold of blacks continues to necessitate ... ...one existing trapped within the view of hegemonic society; angry, but powerless so long as he remains in this state. Yet Sanchez provides a succinct plan for Black Americans in their quest to ascend the Veil: to exist as both African and American while feeding white America a pacifying view of a half truth-destruction fueled by deadly ignorance. The speakers of the poems are merely victims of the same system, seeking the same freedom. While the works of these authors differ greatly, one characteristic is common in both works: The desire for power to ascend the Veil that hangs heavily upon them like a cloak that prevents their ascension. The desire to live beyond the Veil. Works Cited Du Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Bantam, 1989 Lauter, Paul, ed. The Heeath Anthology of American Literature: Volume Two. New York: Houghton Mifflin Inc., 1996

Software Piracy Problem

Software piracy is a rising problem not only in the United States, but around the world. In 1993 worldwide software piracy cost 12. 5 billion dollars to the software industry, with a loss of 2. 2 billion dollars in the United States alone. Estimates show that over 40 percent of U. S. software company revenues are generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industry's piracy losses occurred outside of the United States borders. The Software Publishers Association indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the United States were obtained illegally, which 30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate settings. In a corporate setting or business, every computer must have its own set of original software and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for a corporation or business to purchase a single set of original software and than load that software onto more than one computer, or lend, copy or distribute software for any reason without the prior written consent of the software manufacturer. Many software managers are concerned with the legal compliance, along with asset management and costs at their organizations. Many firms involve their legal departments and human resources in regards to software distribution and licensing. In 1974, Congress created the Natural Commission on New Technological Uses (CONTU) to investigate whether the evolving computer technology field outpaced the existing copyright laws and also to determine the extent of copyright protection for computer programs. CONTU concluded that while copyright protection should extend beyond the literal source code of a computer program, evolving case law should determine the extent of protection. The commission also felt that copyright was the best alternative among existing intellectual property protective mechanisms, and CONTU rejected trade secret and patents as viable protective mechanisms. The CONTU report resulted in the 1980 Computer Software Act, and the report acts as informal legislative history to aid the courts in interpreting the Act. In 1980 The Copyright Act was amended to explicitly include computer programs. Title 17 to the United States Code states that it is illegal to make or to distribute copies of copyrighted material without authorization, except for the users right to make a single backup copy for archival purposes. Any written material (including computer programs) fixed in a tangible form is considered copyrighted without any additional action on the part of the author. Therefore, it is not necessary that a copy of the software program be deposited with the Copyright Office in Washington, D. C. for the program to be protected as copyrighted. With that in mind then a copyright is a property right only. In order to prevent anyone from selling your software programs, you must ask a federal court to stop that person by an injunction and to give you damages for the injury they have done to you by selling the program.

Odyssey Compare/Contrast Essay

When Everett sees his daughters again for the first time since he’s escaped, they recognized him and their dad at first, but then remembered that their mom told them that he had been hit by a train and died. After hearing that, Everett goes to find Penny to which he discovers that not only has she changed the girls’ last names to her maiden name, Wharvey, but Penny got engaged while he was gone and is in line to get married the next day to her modern-day suitor, William T. Walldrip. Penelope did the complete opposite. Many suitors came to â€Å"woo† her after believing that Odysseus had died. She put them off with a trick, telling them that she would marry one of them once she finished the funeral shroud for Odysseus’ father, which she wove by day and secretly unravelled by night. She managed to deceive them for three years by doing this. After the three years, she was caught and the suitors demanded a decision. She cleverly came up with another scheme, an archery contest; a challenge that is nearly impossible for all but Odysseus. She did whatever she could to hold them off because she had hope that Odysseus would come home. On the other hand, these women have very different stories with many similarities. They were both confident in their decisions throughout the entire story. After Everett goes to jail, Penny is seeking out a new husband with better qualities than he has, one whom she says has to be â€Å"bona-fide† and can provide for her and the girls. Penny knows what she thinks is best, so she finds herself a â€Å"suitor†, Walldrip, that meets her standards. Penelope is left with a baby boy while her husband, Odysseus, is trying to find his way back home for 20 years after the Trojan war, and on top of that, her house is invaded by at least 100 suitors that are all trying to convince her to marry one of them. Penelope sees the suitors as nothing more than a bunch of greedy pigs and wants them out. These ladies know what they want and will do strive to accomplish it. They’re both fit for their husbands in their own ways. Odysseus and Penelope are both cunning, clever, and always thinking of a plan. Everett and Penny, though not sharing the same characteristics as Odysseus and Penelope, are quick-tongued, know-it-alls, and think in a selfish manner. The story of the loom symbolizes the queen’s, Penelope’s, clever and cunning tactics. The contest of the bow and axes is another example of her craftiness. In O Brother, Where Art Thou, Penny is known for saying: â€Å"I’ve spoken my piece and counted to three. † every time something doesn’t go her way, and if it doesn’t get fixed, she walks away; an example of her â€Å"know-it-all† attitude. Everett is always telling Delmar and Pete things like, â€Å"You two are just dumber than a bag of hammers! † They, Everett and Penny, are both always looking out for themselves. Everett tricked the boys into breaking out of jail, which lengthened their sentences, just because he heard that Penny was getting remarried. Penny found herself a new man, â€Å"a suitor† who met her standards and could help support her family. Finally, both Penelope and Penny put their husbands to the test before trusting them. Penelope tells the maids to move the marriage bed and once Odysseus sees this he quickly fills with anger because that bed was made special, made from a firmly planted tree trunk. She automatically knows it’s Odysseus. Penny had forgotten about Everett as if he had really been hit by a train and died. Once Everett proves that he’s just as â€Å"bona-fide†, she plans to marry him as soon as he finds her original wedding band. They both take their husbands back, but there was a catch in order for them to trust the men. These stories are completely different, yet alike in some situations. They were both single mothers while their husbands were gone. Penelope was loyal to Odysseus, but Penny couldn’t care less about Everett. They were both fit for their husbands in different ways, and were the reason their husbands wanted to come home. Overall, these women were both self-confident and strong-willed throughout either story, whether they were wives from the late 1930’s or Ancient Greece

Fast Food Nation Essays

Fast Food Nation Essays Fast Food Nation Essay Fast Food Nation Essay The author of the book Fast Food Nation is basically an investigative journalist. Being a journalist the author explored and carried out profound research in order to study the fast food industry. His research helped him to know about the final product that ends up on the restaurant table right from scratch i. e. in case of meat from the farm to the final product. The author combined his three years of research with statistics and other primary research and presented the entire thing in the above mentioned book. The author presents the change in the way industrialized agri-business is done in today’s business scenario. The book is divided to two major and different parts. The first part of the book which is named as the â€Å"American Way† focuses on discussing the history of America’s Fast Food industry. This part also gives background information about the major fast foods of the country like McDonalds, Burger King Etc, including information about their founders. The remaining part of the first part of the book discusses how most of the once family owned and small businesses have become famous worldwide and how they have become part of one’s daily lives especially, Americans. The second part of the book discusses about the regulations that have been instituted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and also provides various reports and information about the working conditions at meatpacking plants and the slaughter houses. The fifth chapter of the book speaks about the making of French fries, one of the most favorite and ordered snack at a fast food and especially about a person named J. R. Simplot. : The reasons for speaking about a specific individual is because, it was in his factory which was situated in Idaho that most of the frozen French fries are made and are shipped to most of the fast food restaurants all across the United States. The author deeply delves into the aspects of the color and taste that all the fast food items have. HE also reveals many interesting, astonishing and rather unknown facts like the taste, smell and color of the foods not being natural and how these aspects for the food are created by using chemicals and different additives. In the book, the author specifically speaks about the impact of fast food chains on the people of United States. The statistics presented by the author, approximately one-third of the adult population of the United States visits a fast food restaurant daily and on a weekly basis a typical American is said to be consuming three hamburgers and four French fry orders. The reason behind presenting the above statistics in this paper is to discuss the affects of consuming fast food on the human body. Despite the frequency of eating fast foods, the very immediate affect that it could have on an individual’s health is sickness. This is evident from the fact that the author has presented in the book which states that approximately 2,000,000 people of the United States fall sick due to diseases caused by food they consume and almost 900 people are hospitalized on a daily basis. Though the reasons behind the diseases are many, one main cause may be stated as the way the food is produced. After this, the author starts giving information about the evolution of slaughter houses, the working conditions there etc. According to the book and the author’s arguments, there are a very few fast food restaurants which give value to their manpower and pay them good wages. Two good examples of such fair fast food restaurants are Conway’s Red Top and In-N-Out. Both these restaurants have their own style of becoming known in the fast food industry. Though these two restaurants are not as popular as McDonalds and Burger King, they serve high quality food and deliver better value and customer service. Today, the meat production in the United States of America has become very centralized due to the decrease in the small farmers which in turn has reduced the number of producers of meat. The toxins in the meat production plant are the root cause for the widespread of diseases. A nationwide study published by the USDA in 1996 found that 7. 5 percent of the ground beef samples taken at processing plants were contaminated with Salmonella, 11. 7 percent with Listeria monocytogenes, 30 percent with Staphylococcus aureus, and 53. 3 percent with Clostridium perfringens. All of these pathogens can make people sick (Teh World Traveller) (Michael Shugrue) (Sinclair). The book takes the readers’ through a journey which explains about today’s shocking and extremely corrupt fast food industry. The various truths and happenings in the industry which were gathered through personal interviews, investigations etc were presented in order to reveal what exactly happens behind the scenes of the fast food chains. One example is the reality of brutal treatment of workers and abuse of the same workers at the meat packing plants. Many female workers in the meat making plants are sexually harassed not only by co-workers but also by superiors. This clearly states how dangerous the industry for female employment is. A well-known fact is that the target audiences of the fast food industry are none other than children. The kids are easily influenced by the eye-catching, heavy and attractive advertisements along with the interesting promotional techniques which the fast food chains use. Market statistics reveal that children are more inclined towards a brand name or logo than on their own name. As already stated, many people today have become more inclined towards fast food not only because of the ease and convenience but also because of the taste of the food. Now the question that arises here is, the reasons for fast foods being so tasty. The author of the book has also explored this angle and has presented the tricks and techniques used by the fast food industry players to make the food extremely tasty. Basically, the aroma of the food is solely responsible for the flavor of the food. In order for the foods to be aromatic, it is not necessary that they need to be truly naturally. Today’s scientific advancements have led to the creation of various chemicals which help to secure the aroma of foods artificially too. This can be understood from the following facts which the author has quoted in the book – â€Å"Adding methyl-2-peridylketone makes something taste like popcorn. Adding ethyl-3-hydroxybutanoate makes it taste like marshmallow. The possibilities are now almost limitless. † Next important aspect is the role of the food’s colour. The fast food chains use a material called Titanium oxide which is actually used in the making of women’s cosmetics in order to give a creamy white colour to many of the processed candies and icings. Most of the fast food chains are using colouring agents in many of their soft drinks, cookies and sandwich buns in order to attract more customers. What does all this mean? By using coloring agents and chemicals to present the food in an attractive way, the fast food chains are trying to attract more number of customers to their outlets. More number of customers means more money. But ultimately, one important fact that needs to be understood is that customers who spend their hard earned money in the fast food outlets are actually falling prey to many toxic diseases. To be clear, for the various harmful activities done by the fast food chains, the common man is falling prey after spending his or her hard earned money. However, this fact is not known to most of the people who are used to eating fast foods. In one part of the book the author quotes that â€Å"Flavor compounds sometimes contain more ingredients than the foods being given their taste. † It is actually very strange for people to realize the facts while enjoying a snack at any fast food that they instead of enjoying the natural product which is used in the preparation of the product are enjoying an ingredient which has been artificially prepared. The fact that some chemical is used in order to manipulate the originality of taste itself is very shocking and of course obviously new to discover. It is indeed very difficult to accept and digest the fact that today’s era has so changed that even foods that are consumed are altered and made lose their originality by using chemicals etc. The book realizes many astonishing and unknown facts which many of the fast food goers do not realize. Most of the people who are used to fast foods restaurants would not have any idea about the working conditions at the meat packing plants and slaughter houses. The author presents some very surprising and rather pathetic facts of the inhuman working conditions about the workers at those places. Even this information is absolutely new to many people. The meat packing plants and slaughter houses are known as dangerous work places but not as risky places for somebody to work. The working situation of the workers working at the meat packing plant is so pathetic and dangerous that the workers are forced to wear hard hats and also carry heavy chain mails underneath their waist coats. The jobs of people at the slaughterhouses are even more pathetic. All the workers, irrespective of their sex, are made to stand with their clothes stripped off and made to do their jobs of ripping the innards of the cattle etc. All the workers here are at serious risk of losing their lives anytime while they are on the job and despite such ruthless working conditions, the money that they get paid is very minimal. One interesting fact that can be discovered in this book is that most of the jobs at the slaughter houses are carried out by hand. With technology taking its toll on today’s modern society, it is unbelievable that such ruthless tasks are still carried out by hand instead of using machines which can do the work faster. The author of the book – Eric Schlosser makes it quite evident that the â€Å"most important tool in a modern slaughterhouse is a sharp knife. † â€Å"Working in a slaughterhouse is probably one of the most dangerous jobs in the country, and yet it seems to be one of the not much advanced technologically. It seems that machines would speed up the process at a meatpacking plant, therefore producing much more ground beef. Surprisingly, one of the most mechanical machines in a slaughterhouse is a conveyor belt (Barganini). † Many workers get injured when working on this particular belt as the belt moves so fast that the belt slaughters almost 400 cattle per hours as opposed to the initial days of slaughtering 50 cattle per hour. Above all this, the most shocking fact is that the administration of the slaughter houses does not report many such injuries. â€Å"Their employees are hurt, and instead of sending them to the hospital, they send them to one of their own doctors who tell them that are uninjured and able to work. The point even more shocking than this is that the federal government fails to improve these working conditions. It seems almost discriminatory (Barganini). † Overall, the book provides a lot of information about the fast food industry and the issues which happen behind the scenes and which are unknown. Despite having some weaknesses in it, the strengths of the book are much higher. The author of the book makes it very clear that the people of the United States are more passionate towards eating fast food and the industry in itself and in this attempt he wrote a book that explains the fact more clearly. The entire book focuses on trying to explain the fascination that today’s people have got towards the fast food industry which has over a period transformed the culture of the United States. The book reveals certain strong facts like the ones â€Å"The Golden Arches are now more widely recognized than the Christian cross. † These kind of strong facts are the ones which make the book a good resource to know about the fast food industry. Though many people fail to realize the fact that fast foods have become a major part of their daily life, it is very true. It is actually impossible to not find a fast food when driving down a busy road in any part of the country. The author has very interestingly portrayed the history and evolution of most of the famous fast food chains focusing on the founders like Carl Karcher, Richard and ‘Mac’ of the McDonalds. Though the details about these men are relevant to the point of discussion of the book, the author spends a quiet too long time discussing about the above mentioned people. Apart from this, the author also mentions few other people who have been founders of fast food chains and who have similar background. One interesting and similar fact about all these men is that all of them come from a very poor family and have consistently grown up in their life through their commitment and hard work in order to hold higher positions. One of the major strength of the book â€Å"The Fast Food Nations† is the author’s ability to relate the book to the people who read it and imbibe it into the society. The author also throws light on issues such as the Federal Government’s involvement in the working conditions in the meat packing plants and the slaughter houses. The author has been successful in clubbing the facts of the past, the happening in the present and the possible future of the fast food industry into one single book. The epilogue of the book focuses on the very few fast food chains which still have great value to their employees and also their customers. â€Å"The fast food industry resulted from a culmination of social and economic trends. After reading the phenomena that has taken hold of our country, one must wonder what the future will bring (Barganini). † After reading the book, one fact that needs to be accepted is that the fast food industry has literally taken hold and is riding the lives of many people today without their own knowledge even. Many people who are used to fast foods do not realize the harm that those food cause to their health. As the industry developed, the percentage of obesity too developed in the same pace. Apart from heart attacks and problems of obesity, many new health problems have also cropped up. Though the lifestyle promoted by these fast foods is really fast and new, yet they are equally harmful. In conclusion, it can be said that fast food chains today are profiting at the cost of the health of its customers. Eating fast foods results in obesity and this obesity has become a common problem to everybody. Actually, study reveals that the annual cost of obesity is twice the total revenues of the fast food industry. By revealing so many useful and important facts like the ones presented in the above paragraphs and many more similar facts, the author Eric Schlosser tries and brings to light the alarming truth of today’s fast food industry. ? Bibliography Barganini, Emily. Fast Food Nations Review. Portfolio. du. edu. 01 March 2009 https://portfolio. du. edu/portfolio/getportfoliofile? uid=40150. Michael Shugrue, Christian Matuschek, Marc F. DiPaolo. Conscious Reader. Longman/Prentice Hall, 2008. Sinclair, Upton. The Safety of Raw versus Pasteurized Milk. The Untold Story of Milk. 21 January 2009 newtrendspublishing. com/USOMilk/Chapter15. pdf. Teh World Traveller. The Founding Fathers Why the Fries Taste good excerted from the book Fast food Nations. 2002. Teh Wrold Traveller. 21 January 2009 thirdworldtraveler. com/Health/FoundingFathers_FFN. html.

Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison Thomas Edison Thomas Edison was one of the American investor, scientist as well as a business man who used to develop many devices that greatly influenced life along the world. Thomas is highly recalled by many scientists for his last and a very long-lasting practical of discovering a light bulb. This paper seeks to look in which way Thomas Edison perseverance for over 10,000 attempts reflect on a challenge one overcome through doggedness. Thomas Edison is believed to be a man who was determined and believed in himself, more than many people who cant do that in todays epoch. This can be proved from the non- resulting practical which are been started but as time goes without having any result or the exact result they do give up. Most people will just attempt once, twice or at most thrice and easily give up after this several trials. In his case, Edison was a brilliant inventor as well as been a true optimist. Thomas Edison who was not only believed to be a determined individual but was also known for his persistent and he who most of his time strived for excellence, believed that even if someone could fail a task for several times, It is not time for one to give up or get total discouraged by his or her failure, but instead one should look at each of the failure as a step forward and in the right direction and also towards achieving ones goals. Due to his patience he came up with a light bulb which was awaited for long. After having gone through Thomas history as well as his work of study, have been encouraged in my studies. As a student in the college, have always wanted to excel beyond what was been offered to me in my institution. I do conceder it to be a failure since its large and therefore its cut by our budget and therefore everything we need is not well catered for. These results in my education been limited due to the constraints of the economy budgeting co-ordination. After this realized that thing were not all that straight in my case and therefore i had to look for ways of saving my time since the economic recovery could take time before its brought back to normal. Having put in minds to become a pharmacy, I do take biology but any time I try to attend this classes, am pinned down and I do take this as failure and see as if am not supposed to study in this field of science. My dream and ambitions is to get a degree in Bachelor of Science so as this could let me study pharmacy. This kind of study have at-times stressed me and I just found my self almost giving up on my chosen career but since I have the ambitions which requires me to take this subject, Im falsed to have several other lessons in different classes and this have resulted to this subject becoming the best performed as well dedicates my time in studying it. Most of my semesters I have felt the recognizable smart of failure by not being allowed to grow in my chosen area of study due to limited seating in classes as well as facilities. Recently I have learned that I can do one of two things with my life thus far. I could continue to sulk in my failure and let it consume my entire being like it has been. On the other hand, I could use these unsatisfying situations, like Thomas Edison had used his failed attempts, as a way of having been close to achieving my goals, Today I felt that I have taken a step in the right direction and towards a better future by sticking to my institution having been affected by the budget. I write this essay with the ability to understand that each failure is a step closer to my goal and today I shall walk over my failures with my best foot forward. My education is to me what the light bulb was for Thomas Edison.

Computer Essay

Computer Essay Computer Essay Computer Essay: Essay Writing On Computer When working on a computer essay any number of topics or subject backgrounds may be needed. There are a lot of different ways in essay writing. But, the standard essay always follows the same basic steps. You can find many computer essay examples on different topics in the Internet; however, they all are based on the main rules. Computer Essay: General Tips Select the topic of your essay: State the central idea or thesis of your computer essay. Begin your introduction paragraph with an interesting sentence; write your thesis statement from above. Finish the introduction with a summary or goal statement. In each of the two or three body paragraphs the ideas that were first presented in the introductory paragraph should be developed. Give detailed information and examples. All body paragraphs need to develop the central idea and should finish with a summary of that idea. There should be at least two examples or a few facts in every body paragraph in order to support the central idea. The summary paragraph should summarize your whole essay. Often it is a reverse of the introductory paragraph. Begin your summary paragraph by restating quickly the principal ideas of the body paragraphs. In the penultimate sentence restate the basic thesis of your essay. Your final statement can be a future prediction based on what you have shown in the essay. Computer essay history develops with very quick steps. Computer essay now is the main demand in high schools and colleges. However, writing essays with a help of computers make students life easier. But, anyway, follow our main examples: use strong verbs and avoid modals to state your opinion. Do not apologize for what you are saying. An essay should be about your personal opinion. But never translate from your mother language; it will quickly get you into trouble. However, if you need help with your computer essay writing you can always advertise in a professional custom essay writing services. You will get a professional work, 0% plagiarized before your deadline. Simply leave your topic, list all requirements and you request will be sent to the appropriate person, experienced particularly in this area. Computer Essay: Writing Help Whether you have problems with your computer essay writing, or you are stuck among different ideas and thoughts, or you do not have time for essay writing, you are welcome to become our customer. Please contact us and our professional writers will provide you with a high quality work overnight. Save your time for more important and pleasant things. It is so easy and convenient! Interesting posts: Write a Term Paper Term Papers Medieval Knights Term Papers for Sale Term Papers and Report Term Paper Writing Help

Socrates and Meletus reagrading Socrate's trial Essay

Socrates and Meletus reagrading Socrate's trial - Essay Example The first argument was that the Miletus argued that the Socrates were corrupting the young people and deserved purnishment (Doug 30). Through the secrete acquisition of occupation, the Socrates predicted that the son would equally be disgraceful of the propensity, therefore, would advance in the career and the Athens were to defend themselves, thus became uncontrolled and insolent (Doug 31). Linking the arguments to admission, a student who is secretly admitted at the institution secretly, without the formal approval of the authority, might do well in the academic discipline he/she is perusing. This indicates that the perfect pursuit of the career depends on the individual’s determination and interest, mot the mode of admission. However, most people believe that the admission procedure depicts that success of the student, thus, a real fallacy. In fact, when one lacks substantial evidence against the other fellow, he/she does not have the capability of victimizing the person on the unjustified wrong. This implies that, the evidence has to prove reliable before holding one responsible for the

Compare and contrast management interviews Essay

Compare and contrast management interviews - Essay Example Many of us conducted this management interview with managers from different company departments. This paper therefore compares and contrasts the responses that were given by these managers. Different questionnaires reported different management day-to-day duties. Whereas managers carry the same title, their daily job roles are significantly diversified. The roles span from employee supervision, sales management, overseeing production, as well as general office management. Some managers are required to deliver short-term results whereas others are evaluated annually. The interviews also point to the different management levels by different managers. Seemingly, management levels determine the kind of daily tasks performed by the managers. Some of the highlighted goals include meeting daily sales margins, product delivery targets, meeting production line efficiencies. Others set weekly goals where one manager aims to keep everything in order by making sure errors stay to the minimum. Another one sets a monthly goal of managing real-estate by controlling and managing rent expenses on building company leases. However, daily, weekly and monthly targets pile up accumulatively to become annual targets for the organization. The interviews showed that different managers have different goal achieving strategies. For instance, there is a manager who has a strategy of doing paperwork in the morning, another has a strategy of ensuring the employees are properly trained and they are also cross-trained, another one writes down the goals and objectives and gives them to individual employees, and another one ensures customer gets satisfied. One manager pointed to giving incentives to well performing employees as a way of pushing individual employees to meet goals and targets. Yet, others went to an extent of outsourcing challenging tasks to other vendors in

Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Media - Essay Example Today more than 250 million people accesses Facebook. Twitter also has more than 14 million users, and YouTube is viewed by 100 million viewers every month (Zarrella, 2010, p. 1). These statistics data show that a huge chunk of the population is attached with the social media; and if this opportunity is not utilized, it’s a total waste. This paper highlights legal requirements for social media marketing with special reference to Facebook. The Legal components for Social Media Marketing The huge popularity of the social media outlets has made the economists recognize and tap the market by appealing their products and services through these websites. As faster the website grows, the words spread quicker. Many of the marketers have utilized the social media in order to generate attention, promotion and exposure of their brands. But while utilizing the social media, the companies should have a sound knowledge of the legal system and requirement. Trademark and Copyright Issue While using the social media outlets for promoting their brands, the companies should protect their trademark and copyright. Since such a marketing leads to informal and impromptu communication on real time basis, the copyright and trademarks of the company may fall under third party abuse. To avoid this, company should regularly monitor the social media platform to ensure that there is no misuse of the intellectual property. There are special services that monitor the profile or consumer names that are alike to the company’s name or brand. Facebook has provided instructions for submitting takedown notice that relates to â€Å"allegedly copyright infringing content† (Steinman & Hawkins, 2010, p. 3) that comes under the â€Å"Federal Digital Millennium Copyright Act† (Steinman & Hawkins, 2010, p. 3). Deceptive and misleading Contents The law treats the social media marketing and the traditional marketing in the same way. The law states that promotion of any type of de ceptive or unfair practice is unlawful. The law prohibits any type of deceptive conduct like â€Å"advertising misleading price comparisons, rebates or sweepstakes promotions† (Steinman & Hawkins, 2010, p. 4). In 2009, there was a lawsuit for deceptive content against Zynga, which provides games in Facebook. Though it was proved that a third party marketer was responsible for deceptive advertising, but still both Facebook and Zynga were made liable for this act. Being a smart marketer, one has to be careful about such incidents. Terms and conditions of the social Media Social networking websites have their own terms and conditions regulating the advertising and commercial practices that are conducted on the websites like â€Å"consumer sweepstakes, contests, and giveaways† (Steinman & Hawkins, 2010, p. 5). The marketer has to be aware of the terms and conditions and has to act accordingly. The social networking sites often change these rules. One has to strictly monito r them. Facebook prohibits uploading of contents that infringes the right of the third party. Privacy and data security Since through social media, a brand’s product and services get promoted, this may raise an issue of security and privacy. It is important for the marketer of the company to be aware of these issues and take appropriate measures in order to minimize exposure to liabilities related to collection, maintenance and use of data. Facebook has its own privacy policies that regulate the use of third party conduct and consumers

Infomation system management exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Infomation system management exam - Essay Example Overall, companies need to use data mining in order to enhance their customer relationship management (CRM) skills. Analysis needs to focus for the company, upon any problems that its customers may be having. This is one of the basic marketing rules of customer service in action. The present analysis therefore advocates the position that not only should these standards become lucrative trade-offs. â€Å"Current emphasis on customer relationship management makes the marketing function an ideal application area to greatly benefit from the use of data mining tools for decision support. A systematic methodology that uses data mining and knowledge management techniques is proposed to manage the marketing knowledge and support marketing decisions† (Data, 2010). Another solution is to use Customer Relationship Management to market more effectively and reach the client better. â€Å"When customer relationship management CRM) came on the health scene approximately six years ago, some viewed it with skepticism and primarily saw it as a way to refine rather than reinvent marketing. More progressive marketers adopted the CRM techniques of compiling all consumer and market data into a centralized database and used data mining to more narrowly define target audiences based on characteristics rather than general demographics† (Paddison, 2004). Yet another solution could focus more on the management of the company than the client, and highlight management having a working knowledge of marketing and being able to work with marketers and consultants in a proactive manner that reflects the abovementioned external dynamism of the IT market. Data mining is advocated by companies. In terms of environment that are narrowly defined by marketing parameters, the local market offers expanded opportunities that should be taken advantage of by the

Contrastive AnalysisPaper Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contrastive AnalysisPaper - Research Paper Example English as a language has developed over the years to become a language that is not only used predominantly between non-native speakers and native speakers but also amongst the non-native speakers. It has thus become critical for any individual wishing to have worldwide communication, to be fluent and use the language appropriately so as to be understood by others and also master how people from diverse cultural backgrounds use the language. (Wahba, E. 1998) Intelligible pronunciation has proved to be a crucial objective in any pronunciation training course. It’s therefore important to outline objectives that are realistic, relevant and sustainable for the communication needs of the learner. Pronunciation poses a great obstacle in communication thus it should be dealt with cautiously as wrong pronunciation of an item gives a completely different meaning, for instance when one pronounces â€Å"angry† for â€Å"hungry†, â€Å"bin† for â€Å"bean†( Hut haily, K. 2003). Contrastive Analysis and possible problems Several Arabic speakers carry out a variety of abnormal tentative tasks which involve discrimination of words. This entails putting aside words with similar consonantal patterns but with variance in their vowel structure (Huthaily, K. 2003). ... s are less important both in writing and in word building, and the sound identification structure relies on the tri-consonantal roots which are the basis of nearly all Arabic words. Word families in Arabic are completed up of sets of words that share a familiar set of three consonants, but differ in the manner in which the vowels are positioned in the consonantal structure. (White, L. 1989).This kind of word structure applies with much ease among the Semitic languages, but often creates difficulties for learners who want to learn a second language with different structural rules. This is because consonantal structure does not let adequate discrimination of words when its transferred to the lexical structure of English, where consonants are not the only important signals for a reader, but rather emphasizes on the importance of focus on the consonantal structure(Cook, V. J.1992). It’s because of this that you find that most Arabic learners will use a system of this sort in the e arly stages of learning English, though majority catch up with the correct handling of English words. Despite this, a few learners carry on this problem and will make small errors like â€Å"dismal point† for "decimal point" while others may never have this confusion. In a bid to juice out difficulties that face Arabic learners in learning English, scholars have indentified four elements that cause this. .Some learners are confused by sounds such as; /v/ and /f/ as in ‘fist’ and ‘vest’; /p/ and /b/ as in ‘pan’ and ‘ban’; /s/ and /_/ as in ‘san’ and ‘than’. Others put in a short vowel to shatter down the long consonant structures, so as to pronounce them as in /s_pr__/ for ‘spring’; /w___d/ for ‘wished’; /_:sk_d/ for ‘asked’ On the other hand, certain diphthongs

Improving the Human Conditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Improving the Human Conditions - Essay Example Any program designed for AIDS prevention must consider the stigma associated with the disease and with homosexuality. The World Health Organization intended to provide simple local access to those needing treatment by providing clinics in areas of high leprosy incidence. However, without prior investigation, they could not know that, because of the social stigma, utilization of clinical facilities was not a matter of simple distance or lack of transportation (Campbell, 2003). The virus usually enters the host in fluids (blood or semen) or within infected cells. The persistent infection that results remains intact in spite of an immune response whose products coexist with the virus. All the experiences with smallpox, yellow fever, measles, and poliomyelitis vaccines have focused on using an attenuated virus that could replicate in the host initially, would not harm the host, yet would provide enough stimulus for the host's immune system to combat and clear the viral infection. This experience has been useless for HIV. For reasons that are not yet clear but may reflect the victim's high level of viral load and unique properties of the virus, both the humoral (antibody) and cellular (CTL) arms of the immune system respond vigorously to HIV throughout the course of infection, yet some of the viruses remain in place (Campbell, 2003). This situation is in stark contrast with viruses that cause an acute infection in which, if the infected individual survives, t he immune response has cleansed viruses from all tissues. In this instance, viruses and the immuneresponse components coexist for but a short time (days), before either the virus or the immune response wins out. With HIV infection, both the virus and the immune response coexist but the duration can be years long -- until the patient dies (Fieldhouse, 2005). As the plague of AIDS continues and expands throughout the world, there is neither effective therapy for its permanent treatment and abatement nor is there a vaccine for its prevention. Treatment with the drug azidothymidine (Zidovudine) (AZT) or its counterparts, although effective in some instances, has at best worked only for the short term, presumably because of the rapid mutation rate of the virus and its ability to escape the drug's effects. The development of new drugs such as the HIV protease inhibitors offers the hope that combination drug treatment will remove the virus before HIV mutates and the virus escapes therapy. Whether HIV can be eradicated from an infected person and a case of AIDS cured is unknown. However, even with present combination therapy, nearly a quarter of treated individuals are not helped. The lack of a vaccine after years of research reflects how little is known about immunizing patients to protect them from an infectious agent that persists. A progres sion of events led to the concept that a virus could cause cancer (Fieldhouse, 2005). At first, HIV infection sets off a cascade of events that disseminates the virus to multiple lymphoid tissues. The immune response generated against HIV effectively lowers the host's viral load but does not remove all of it. The remaining viruses hide and cause a low-grade persistent infection. As the

Contrastive AnalysisPaper Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contrastive AnalysisPaper - Research Paper Example English as a language has developed over the years to become a language that is not only used predominantly between non-native speakers and native speakers but also amongst the non-native speakers. It has thus become critical for any individual wishing to have worldwide communication, to be fluent and use the language appropriately so as to be understood by others and also master how people from diverse cultural backgrounds use the language. (Wahba, E. 1998) Intelligible pronunciation has proved to be a crucial objective in any pronunciation training course. It’s therefore important to outline objectives that are realistic, relevant and sustainable for the communication needs of the learner. Pronunciation poses a great obstacle in communication thus it should be dealt with cautiously as wrong pronunciation of an item gives a completely different meaning, for instance when one pronounces â€Å"angry† for â€Å"hungry†, â€Å"bin† for â€Å"bean†( Hut haily, K. 2003). Contrastive Analysis and possible problems Several Arabic speakers carry out a variety of abnormal tentative tasks which involve discrimination of words. This entails putting aside words with similar consonantal patterns but with variance in their vowel structure (Huthaily, K. 2003). ... s are less important both in writing and in word building, and the sound identification structure relies on the tri-consonantal roots which are the basis of nearly all Arabic words. Word families in Arabic are completed up of sets of words that share a familiar set of three consonants, but differ in the manner in which the vowels are positioned in the consonantal structure. (White, L. 1989).This kind of word structure applies with much ease among the Semitic languages, but often creates difficulties for learners who want to learn a second language with different structural rules. This is because consonantal structure does not let adequate discrimination of words when its transferred to the lexical structure of English, where consonants are not the only important signals for a reader, but rather emphasizes on the importance of focus on the consonantal structure(Cook, V. J.1992). It’s because of this that you find that most Arabic learners will use a system of this sort in the e arly stages of learning English, though majority catch up with the correct handling of English words. Despite this, a few learners carry on this problem and will make small errors like â€Å"dismal point† for "decimal point" while others may never have this confusion. In a bid to juice out difficulties that face Arabic learners in learning English, scholars have indentified four elements that cause this. .Some learners are confused by sounds such as; /v/ and /f/ as in ‘fist’ and ‘vest’; /p/ and /b/ as in ‘pan’ and ‘ban’; /s/ and /_/ as in ‘san’ and ‘than’. Others put in a short vowel to shatter down the long consonant structures, so as to pronounce them as in /s_pr__/ for ‘spring’; /w___d/ for ‘wished’; /_:sk_d/ for ‘asked’ On the other hand, certain diphthongs

Writing about pic-18 in computer desing subject Essay

Writing about pic-18 in computer desing subject - Essay Example The most popular set of microcontrollers are those in the 8051 family. These 8051 family is a preferred choice for professionals specializing in embedded systems because they are cheap, readily available, have a larger user base and also the ability of being reprogrammed with flash memory. Figure 1: The 8051 Microcontroller Invention of the Intel 8051 led to a revolutionary role of microcontrollers in the embedded systems industry. Intensive research in this field led to design of efficient, high performance and low power consumption family of microcontrollers. These included AVR, PIC and ARM. These modern microcontrollers are every day being made smarter to include latest communication protocols like USB, I2C, SPI, Ethernet and CAN. History The name PIC refers to the Peripheral Interface Controller. The first PIC was developed in 1975 by the Microelectronics Division of a company known as General Instruments. It was developed when the Microelectronics Division was testing its 16-bit CPU i.e. CP 1600. ... 1. Base Line PIC They are the least complex family of the 8-bit PIC microcontroller since they are based on 12-bit instruction architecture. They are the smallest and the cheapest of all the PICs and are available 6 to 40 pin packaging. 2. Mid-Range PIC These are based on 14-bit instruction architecture with a 20 MHz clock speed. They are mostly used for industry and even hobbyists because of their availability in many peripherals like Op-Amps, ADC, PWM and other communication protocols like SPI, I2C and SPI. 3. Enhanced Mid-Range PIC These are an enhanced version of Mid-Range core. They provide a greater performance in terms of flash memory, clock speed and power consumption. They also include multiples peripherals and protocols like SPI, I2C and USART. 4. PIC 18 It is the highest performing among the 8-bit PIC families and is based on a 16-bit instruction architecture that incorporates an advanced RISC architecture. It is integrated with current communication protocols like TCP/IP protocol, LIN, CAN and USB for communication with internet based networks. Figure 3: PIC 18 Pin Out Memory Variation for PIC 18 PIC 18 is available with many memory options such as mask ROM, EPROM and flash memory. These different types of memories are denoted as follows; Symbol Memory Type Example C EPROM PIC16Cxxx CR Mask ROM PIC16CRxxx F Flash Memory PIC16Fxxx The operating voltage of the PIC 18 ranges from 2.0-5.5 volts. The letter ‘L’ is included in the controllers name to denote their voltage range i.e. PIC16LFxxx (operating at 2.0-5.5 range) PIC18 Architecture PIC18 microcontrollers are based the Reduced Instruction Set Computing architecture (RISC). This is the kind of architecture where the hardware gets reduced with an

Airasia Such As Computer Reservation System Information Technology Essay

Airasia Such As Computer Reservation System Information Technology Essay AirAsia is one of the Malaysia Airline that established for everyone who dreamed of making flying to reach ones destination. Since 2001, AirAsia has been expanding rapidly with the largest low fare airlines in which everyone can travel with affordable price and AirAsia has also awarded for the world best low cost airline in year 2010 (Miller, P., 2010) [Online]. Lets put it in this way with a simple slogan, Now Everyone Can Fly, Malaysias AirAsia has successfully carried out and placed in customers mind with the largest low-cost flying trip and largest customer base. Go Holidays offered by AirAsia at the low-cost flying trip, whereby they also offer hostel, hotels, car rental and holiday packages at discounted rates. Booking or reservation of airplane tickets can be done at www.airasia.com. Besides, AirAsia provide services such as Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) and AirAsias bus travel to KLIA at the lower cost. According to The Star report under the business section, AirAsia is now announced that several airports in Malaysia and regional countries will offered a self check-in service and for more convenience, customers can also use web-based check-in service (The Star, 2010) [Online]. In the year ended 2009, AirAsia reported a net profit of RM549.1million, a rise by 11% compared to the loss of RM 496.6 million incurred during 2008 (The Star, 2010) [Online]. 1.2 Types of Information System There are few types of Information System were in use in AirAsia, such as Computer Reservation System (CRS), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System, and Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) system. CRS is a computer system used in travel industry that allowed storing, retrieving data and conducting transactions. This system was created by airlines. AirAsia used this system is to allow users to access and check seating availability, flight schedules, airline fare, booking reservations and generating tickets. CRM is a set of applications that give companies to gain insights into customers changing needs, wants, and behaviors in order to better serve them (Haag and Cummings, 2008). This applications help AirAsia to analyse customers contact, so that it enable AirAsia to maintain and update electronic customer profile. Moreover, CRM also help to update online answers at AirAsias web page frequently asked questions (FAQs) about their services, such as booking, online payment and etc. ERP is the information systems to integrate the data from different functional areas of a business, such areas as planning, manufacturing, order entry, inventory management and many more (Oz, 2008). This system also help in planning and allow companies to operate more efficiency because it avoid duplication of information and avoid rework (Oz, 2008). AirAsia uses ERP system is to capturing daily operations transactions, manage its supply chain, and also helping to save its daily operational costs as well as to increase the operational performance to become more efficiency (Microsoft Press Pass, 2005). APS is a type of system also known as manufacturing management process. This system is used for supply chain planning in the sense that it uses information from ERP for planning and scheduling operations (Muzumdar, no date)[Online]. APS also can be used to tracks costs based on the activities in the production of manufactured goods. However, due ERP system does not provide for better supply chain management to analyses the flexibility and intelligence required implemented by AirAsia. AirAsia therefore use APS system helps to improve AirAsias strategic and operational performance, classifies and clusters orders from customer, and checks resources availability. 2.0 Benefits from System Adoption 2.1 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) A good CRM is important for AirAsia to success in airline industry. With CRM, AirAsias staff will easily understand and satisfy customers needs and wants. The benefits of CRM are such as: (i) Reduce Operating Costs: By using CRM system, work and activities done by AirAsia will become more systematic and coordinated. This will help AirAsia to eliminate waste of funds, such as AirAsia use web or e-mail to handle some customers queries or problems instead of through a call centre. This results labour cost will be reduced and business operations will become more effective and efficient. CRM also can help AirAsia to organise customer communications if AirAsia facing difficulties, such as struggles to maintain multiple mailing lists for different groups of customers. (ii) Development of Better Relations with Customers: Using CRM helps AirAsia to develop their customers relationships. CRM systems provide reliable sources to deal with AirAsias customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention (Laudon and Laudon, 2010). The benefit of using CRM is because this system provides a better service to customers. For example, on the first page of the AirAsia Website, which has stated the member log in button and this has proven that AirAsia always set their customers as the first priority in every consideration. The benefits of becoming AirAsia members are information provided to customers will always ones step ahead from others (ie. promotional booking offers, news updates, and so on). All customers particular data are fully secured and will be guaranteed for personalization from AirAsia. (Azleen Ilias et al., 2009)[Online] 2.2 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System There are many different benefits and reasons why AirAsia choose and deploy ERP systems. These are as follow: (i) Help reduce operating costs:   The ERP systems enable to help AirAsia to reduce operating cost and its a benefit when AirAsia is running company analytics.   The major benefits of ERP are improved the coordination of AirAsias process into one streamlined process where all information can be accessed across departments through a single enterprise wide information network (Anthony, 2005)[Online].  Additional benefit from implementing ERP systems are reduced operating cost, such as lower the cost of production, marketing, inventory control, and help desk support (Anthony, 2005)[Online]. (ii) Facilitate Day-to-Day Management: Facilitating day-to-day management activities is also one of the benefits from ERP systems. In encourages the establishment of backbone data warehouses (Anthony, 2005)[Online]. The implementations of ERP systems allows employees to access real time information and this helps with research, decision making, and managerial control (benefitsoferp, 2010)[Online]. Besides, it also can perform activity based costing and helps AirAsia to track activities actual costs (Anthony, 2005)[Online]. 2.3 Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) There are certain benefits which can be found in APS system. These are as follow: (i) Visibility Across The Whole Supply Chain: The benefit of using APS system is visibility across the whole supply chain. The supply chain management system will ensure each party, (ie. suppliers and customers) works together in integration in terms of cross-functional scheduling and planning. So that AisAsia will have better connectivity across the supply chain (Muzumdar, no date)[Online]. (ii) Optimizing profit management (Anon, 2010)[Online]: The most influencing factor in AirAsias strategy is the price, this is because the airline competing in the low cost market. Trend analysis also benefited in that the APS system is designed to Maximised revenue of AirAsia by the existing YMS system and optimizing price strategy. On the other hand, AirAsias operational cost will be minimized by APS system by using YMS system to generate information to further improve AirAsias plan and schedule for the facilities needed (Muzumdar, no date). The integration of YMS system into the APS system ensures profit optimization. 3.0 Pitfalls to Avoid 3.1 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Although CRM systems have brought benefits to AirAsia, but there are still some pitfalls exist. AirAsia therefore should avoid these pitfalls otherwise a significant effect will cause AirAsia improperly operate. Listed below are the pitfalls need to avoid. (i) Inadequate training on the CRM software (Anon, 2010)[Online]: Anytime when a new system is introduced, employees feel lack of confident to use it and they will always try to avoid from using it. Many training consultants offered by CRM software vendors visit AirAsia during their rollout phase and for refresher sessions (Anon, 2010)[Online]. This system is highly encourage to be provided as adequate training will be given to employees and money saved in the long run even-though it is costly and time consuming (Cost Vs Benefits analysis). (ii) Misunderstanding customer needs (Anon, 2010)[Online]: Sometimes, unnecessary time taken to service the customers and not giving good services will affect AirAsias image. AirAsia therefore should respond to customers when it is needed. For example, in the CRM process, CRM manager should arrange and reply the customers queries that ask for the essential information through easy-to-use access. At the same time, get feedback from customers is encouraged so that able to improve companys CRM system in future. 3.2 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System There are some common pitfalls to avoid when AirAsia implementing ERP systems. These are as follows: (i) Lack of Time and Manpower Required For Implementation (Mutt, 2010)[Online]: When there is a shortage of time and employees required for implementation, AirAsia may over burden the employees with their regular work by giving them extra responsibilities on ERP implementation (Mutt, 2010)[Online]. This will lead employees could not perform the ERP software properly as they are already over stress with their regular work. To avoid this happen, AirAsia should work out a proper time schedule for ERP implementation process and working hours of each employee so that each employee may contribute as per their ability in the process (Mutt, 2010)[Online]. (ii) Poor Selection of ERP Software (Mutt, 2010)[Online]: There are many reasons result the poor selection of ERP software, however the most common cause is due to inability to identity the functional requirements. Proper cross checking of the products not aligned with the designed and derived functional requirements, lack of detailed study of the product and its characteristics also lead to poor selection which may result AirAsia fail in implementing ERP properly. Therefore, to avoid this, employees of the company at all levels should be responsible and involved in the testing and study of the product. Assistance from the external expert can be taken to improve the system. Besides, successful implemented ERP from the same industry can be use and refer for the improvement purposes. 4.0 Conclusion In todays world, the business among airline industry has become more competitive and very tough. Every company in airline industry is trying to implement some strategies to compete with each other. To survive in business world, AirAsia needs to achieve their long terms objective and compete with their competitor in the airline industry. AirAsia has been so successful in Low Cost carrier (LCC) among all the competitors in airline industry until today and many passengers would like to travel by choosing AirAsia because they offered low fares with no hidden charges, interesting promotion packages, and many more. Recently, AirAsia had offer mobile booking via SMS (Short Message Service) and AirAsia is the first airline in the world provides this service. Last but not least, CRM is a powerful competitive tool that always serves customers better by understanding their needs, wants, and behaviours. Through the AirAsias website applications, they can provide most reliable and potential airline services to customers. 5.0 How AirAsia should use Information Systems for the future, focusing on the competitive advantages of IT As a CEO (Chief Executive Officer) of AirAsia, in order for AirAsia to improve the performance and management of AirAsia successfully in future, few competitive advantages of IT are needed to focus. However, the most important information system should focus on is Customer Relationship Management (CRM). First of all, AirAsia shouldnt approach to CRM initiative development that is learning from other competitors, for example fast check-in system by installing kiosks. In order to differentiate from other competitors in travel industry, AirAsia should carry out CRM program in favor of investing in initiatives with a high return, which will respond to customers needs and desires. Therefore, in order to maintain competitive advantages and profitability, AirAsia should foster the relationships between customers (according to Hillman and Keim). In the business world, company will never compete against company, but will compete network against network. For example, MAS (Malaysian Airline System) does not compete against AirAsia. Their respective networks compete. AirAsia and MAS, both are low fare airlines. In order to attract customers to travel, AirAsia always advertise their promotions through AirAsias webpage and newspapers with the most affordable price. With no doubts, poor network services will not have a good relationship in long run. Therefore, network has to work together with CRM to deliver great value of information to customers and solve customers problems, is a source of great competitive advantage. Lastly, a simple notification given by AirAsia to customers can be an opportunity for a valued dialogue. The implementation of CRM is to create a valuable customer relationship and with the two basic functions that are marketing and the customer experience. Marketing is required to build promises with customers, manage the dialogue component of the customer relationship, and motivate customer purchase behaviour. The customer experience is to deliver on the promises, represent the service component of the customer relationship, and reinforce customer purchase behaviour. Time is precious, quick and prompt to respond to customers email or SMS (Short Message Service) is very important. Dissatisfaction of customers is also very important because it provide excellent feedbacks to improve the quality and value-added of AirAsia.

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Jack Breheny February 14, 2014 Research Paper Dred Scott was one of many famous African Americans who, along with others, helped abolish slavery in the United States of America. He did this questioning by how he could be kept as a slave and treated like a slave when he lived in slave free territory. Just his little bit of questioning added up to the big amount of things that helped to abolish slavery. Dred Scott was born into slavery sometime in 1803 in South Hampton County, Virginia, but his hometown was St. Louis, Missouri. His birth name was Sam Scott, but he adopted his older brother’s name, Dred, when he died at a very young age. Dred’s parents were slaves. He and his family belonged to Peter Blow and his family. Dred started his first job, to take care of the Blow children who weren’t much younger than him, when he was four. In addition to Dred being a slave, he was employed as a farmhand, stevedore, craftsman, and general handyman. Dred moved around a lot from Alabama, Illinois, and eventually relocated to St. Louis, Missouri. When Dred was 15 in 1818, his family moved to Alabama with the Blows. His owner, Peter Blow, had six children so Dred’s job was to keep track of the children. Dred never learned to read or write so if there were any type of signs on the way to Alabama or anywhere they most likely made no sense to him at all. Sometime in 1820, Dred’s future wife, Harriett Robinson, was born into slavery. Ten years later, in around 1830, Dred moved with the Blows to St. Louis, Missouri and worked at the Jefferson hotel. His owner, Peter Blow, had no luck finding any riches or success in farming so he decided to use what money he had left to buy the Jefferson Hotel, in St. Louis, which was the slave ... ...to transfer ownership of the Scotts to Taylor Blow, Peter Blow’s son and childhood friend of Dred. On May 26, 1857 Dred and Harriet were given their freedom by Taylor Blow. After Dred and his family were freed, they were interviewed and pictures of them were published in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper on June 27, 1840. As a free family Dred Scott worked at Barnum’s Hotel in St. Louis as a porter. Dred also delivered laundry that Harriet took in working as a free laundress for the people that they lived around. On September 17, 1858 Dred Scott died of tuberculosis. He only lived as a free man for one and a half years. He is buried in St. Louis in the Blow family plot in Calvary Cemetery. Harriet lived on and is believed to have died in 1870. Dred Scott like many other African Americans helped abolish slavery forever in the United States of America.

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Kyra Joray Joray 1 Curtis English 10H 10 March 2014 The Serial Killer Mind â€Å"We never really grow up, we only learn how to act in public.† Bryan White once said. Basically White is saying, childhood is a very fragile state and as a kid you’re learning social norms by what’s around you. Kids born into or raised around strange situations can affect the type of person they grow up to be. As an adult, you learn more about the logical way to act around other people and how your mind works. Certain experiences can alter the way a mind functions, and can result in a human lacking logical consent. Some people may seek guidance to control any urge they may experience while others chose to act upon their feelings. Once any violence is pursed, a criminal is born. A criminals mind makes different choices, ignoring whatever right or wrongs a normal person would know. This unhealthy brain can make a killer, whether they are mission oriented and kill to accomplish a mission, are hedonistic and seek thrill and pleasure, or are visionaries and kill because of an illness from birth altering...

Financial Engineering

Financial Engineering Introduction Many innovations are taking place in the place of arena of finance. Such innovations are collectively called financial innovation. Financial innovation is a process to adapt existing financial instruments and processes and to develop new one so as to enable financial market participants to cope more effectively with the changing world. In recent years fast developments are taking place in corporate and banking sectors. This has given birth to a new discipline which has come to called financial engineering.The term financial engineering was introduced by London banks. Financial engineering is the life blood of financial innovation. Financial Engineering Financial engineering  is a multidisciplinary field involving financial theory, the methods of engineering, the tools of mathematics and the practice of programming. [1]  It has also been defined as the application of technical methods, especially from  mathematical finance  and  computation al finance, in the practice of  finance. In the United States, financial engineering programs are accredited by the  International Association of Financial Engineers.Financial engineering draws on tools from  applied mathematics,  computer science,  statistics  and  economic theory. In broadest definition, anyone who uses technical tools in finance could be called a financial engineer, for example any  computer programmer  in a  bank  or any  statistician  in a government economic bureau. However, most practitioners restrict the term to someone educated in the full range of tools of modern finance and whose work is informed by financial theory. It is sometimes restricted even further, to cover only those originating new financial products and strategies.Financial Engineering refers to the bundling and unbundling of securities. This is done in order to maximize profits using different combinations of equity, futures, options, fixed income, and swaps. They ap ply theoretical finance and computer modeling skills to make pricing, hedging, trading and portfolio management decisions. Financial Engineers are prepared for careers in: * Investment Banking * Corporate Strategic Planning * Risk Management * Primary and Derivatives Securities Valuation * Financial Information Systems Management Portfolio Management * Security Trading Tools of financial engineering * Conceptual Tools It includes ideas and concepts on which finance as a subject is based. These includes valuation theory, portfolio theory, hedging theory, tax treatment etc. * Physical tools It includes the instruments and processes which can be combined together to accomplish some specific purposes. Factors contributing to the growth of Financial Engineering * Environmental Factors (External Factors) A) Change in price level B) Globalization of marketsC) Technological advancement D) Differential tax rates * Internal Factors A) Liquidity needs B) Risk aversion C) Agency Costs D) Accoun ting benefits Financial Reengineering Financial reengineering is the concept of 21st century. Really speaking, it is an evolving concept. It is an extension of financial engineering. Newer and newer developments are taking place now in finance and related fields. Hence the existing instruments and processes must reengineer to suit the changing environment. This gives birth to financial reengineering.

Ethics in Urban Planning Essay

What is the law on eminent domain all about? Eminent Domain is the power of the State over all the properties within its jurisdiction, both public and private. The purpose being to empower the State to appropriate property for public use – for new and road widening projects, bridges, military installations, public parks and even urban renewal (Larson, 2004). In case of private properties, how does eminent domain apply? Well, properties that the Government deems as vital for public use and welfare can be seized from private owners based on the provisions of the law on eminent domain. But the Constitution, particularly the Fifth Amendment, guaranties that â€Å"No person shall be †¦ deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation† (Hornberger, 2005). Is the law on eminent domain ethical? The answer is an absolute no. It may be legal but it does not hold any moral definition. It is still classified as large-scale theft that is backed up by legal parameters. We live based on the principles of morality that abhors theft. In fact, the customs and laws of all civilized societies prohibit any form of banditry. In the exercise of our individual freedom, we as a people have the right to use our property in ways we deemed fit – unless we infringe on the rights of other people (Tenney, 1995). In our democratic system, do we exercise our right of suffrage to make stealing legal? It sounds like people casting their votes simply because they wanted your property sequestered. Where do ethics apply then? What are the consequences? Basically, the law on eminent domain was enacted to provide a leeway for the government in the planning of its developmental projects. Projects include road improvement, probably runway extensions or perhaps public hospitals. Private lands are purchased by the government for this purpose, based on a fair market value and as guaranteed by the Constitution. This provision becomes necessary so that the government can proceed with development without the process of lengthy litigation. Lately however, the scenario has been altered with the law on eminent domain applied even on urban renewal. This is where the abuse of discretion engages a number of government officials, all in the guise of development. This scheme is morally repugnant though it does not end at that point because with the eminent domain as the carrot stick, this marginally reduces the purchase price of the property. What has government got to do with it (Tenney, 1995)? Remember that development plans rests solely on the hands of government, so a slight deviation on the zoning area reclassification would normally affect property values. Imagine if your property lies on a commercial zone and the government suddenly establishes it as part of an industrial zone, the real estate property value is likely to plummet due to rising environmental concerns. The consequence is you are likely to sell it at much reduced price. But this scheme is just the tip of the iceberg, as more devious schemes are in the offing. The most unforgiving plan of government involves the declaration of a specific area as suffering from urban blight. Blighted areas, for purposes of urban renewal, refers to areas that in the process of deterioration being a haven of uncontrolled vices (drug addicts, alcoholics and other scum of society) where the crime rate is really high or an area that is already rendered useless which may include vacant lands and air rights. Who will then determine if the property falls under the category of blighted areas? This will be up to the discretion of the government and most likely this is where abuse is glaringly documented, particularly in cases where the government is in cahoots with property developers. When this happens, government has the right to raze the property and sell it to developers with the intention of making it into an attractive urban development (Blight, 2001). In most instances areas that are declared â€Å"urban blights† normally conforms to urban redevelopment. Areas that suffer from these types of classifications are low-cost housing communities with correspondingly low revenues where homeowners who have been in domicile for years while paying regular amortization to secure rights to the property. In these instances, these homeowners are suddenly met with the prospects of relocation. With the area categorized as such, the real property value is extremely low that the proceeds of the sale are not even enough to pay for the downpayment for another unit in a new housing development site (Parlow, 2007). What about areas in commercial districts that have been subjected to the process of eminent domain? The owner may have lived or conducted business in the area for the past twenty years but the government has the temerity to invoke the provisions of eminent domain to take control of said property simply because the adjacent school needs a playground or perhaps a football field. Where do ethics come in or is this just plain common sense? If you are the owner of the property, will you be not in arms to stop the proceedings? Where is morality then? We trumpet the virtues of democracy to the outside world and yet in our own backyard we practice anarchy (Parlow, 2007). This will all redound to displacement of all families affected by the claws of eminent domain. Families will be evicted from their properties – good if there is a ready site for relocation at least people can endure the inconvenience. But in most cases no relocation areas have been secured. Families will now be subjected to the task of searching for a new place as a consequence of eviction. What about their transportation need to and from work, school for their children and perhaps the affordable medical services that were readily available in their previous area (Blight, 2001). The final consequence maybe and I hope that this will not be met by evicted homeowners or storeowners or they could be relegated as the new scum of society, being degraded to a bunch of homeless citizens that have the potential of creating troubles for the government. The government shall have increased the problems associated with the housing needs and get the ire of the population. What then has this accomplished for the government in the end? Nothing, except perhaps that it compounds the problems of the locality (Hornberger, 2005). The law really smacks moral decadence, for how can you humanly evict families from their abodes without paying them fairly. Some may have inherited the property and as an ancestral abode, no amount would suffice in return for its sentimental value in the same way that no amount could compensate for the Statue of Liberty, being the symbol of freedom that Americans deeply treasure. How can you possibly sell an heirloom – a gift from the people of France, this is no longer a question of ethics, not even morality though it borders on bad taste and greed. What are the effects? Proponents of the measure on eminent domain will always sing the sad melody of development. Be that as it may, we can never stop development from happening because it is dictated by the social status of the locality. But can we not negotiate with property owners so they can also profit from the property they have tenuously preserved and paid for? It is more of a question of fair value for their property, an issue that is often ignored. Even for this gesture alone, the government, particularly the developers will benefit from the support and approval of the property owners. Let us not bully our neighbors by invoking the right of eminent domain, because that simply will not work. Who then does not desire physical development? When it means convenience to the inhabitants, particularly interchanges, super-highways, a modern airport terminal, a dazzling sports arena, an upbeat school campus or a modern hospital. Urban development on formerly blighted areas will be a big boost to the local trade as new shopping malls, five-star hotels, office towers and condominiums will be constructed. The local labor force will benefit as well, since hundreds or maybe thousands of jobs will be made available. It will be a shot in the arm for the local economy since development will encourage a lot of investors to take a chance on the improved infrastructure facilities. The government will likewise benefit from increased revenues and create more funds to finance the needs of local inhabitants. But most of all, this would drastically alter the locality’s image and skyline for the better. With a booming economy, the government can now plan ahead. Maybe exploit some more the bonanza that the new development concurred and build additional facilities to meet the increasing population requirements. As the citizen’s quality of life improves, new facilities will be needed, housing shortage will be felt, traffic congestion is possible as more and more cars will ply the streets and entertainment will be the call of the majority. The problems associated with crime and security will quadruple, new personnel will be added, police cars and gadgets will be required by our law enforcement agencies. There will be no stopping, once the wheel of development starts to roll. Then when everything seems to have settled and everybody is accustomed to the set-up, the arms of development will try to break the already serene environment. So the government will now invoke their right of eminent domain and the result, chaos strikes once again. It will be an unending cycle. The population will simply have to bear inconvenience and unfair treatment in the name of development. It is in the outlying implementation of eminent domain that government failed because officials can be motivated only with the expected revenues from the urban renewal project to disregard their main advocacy and moral obligation to its constituents – to promote, protect, and upheld the rights of the populace. Conclusion The moral and ethical question of the law on eminent domain had been subjected to criticisms from all sectors of society. It may be an effective tool for government to spice up development, but it oftentimes falls oppressive to many property owners. Sadly, the people’s right to their property has been trampled once again with no less than the Supreme Court of the United States stamping its approval on the right of government to invoke the provisions of eminent domain. Consider this. In 1954 the Supreme Court gave a ruling in a controversial case that â€Å"effectively gave government officials unlimited power to confiscate and redistribute lands†, arguing that â€Å"the concept of public welfare is broad and inclusive. The values it represents are spiritual as well as physical, aesthetic and monetary. It is within the power of the legislature to determine that the community should be beautiful as well as healthy, spacious as well as clean, well-balanced as well as carefully patrolled† (Tenney, 1995). The comment of the High Court was indeed a chilling premonition since this gave government officials the legal right to evict anybody from their properties when necessary and at their convenience. In effect this erased the intentions of our forefathers and the framers of the Constitution the absolute right of individuals to hold on to their properties (Tenney, 1995). Just recently, in a new and daunting case of Kelo vs. City of New London, Connecticut, the High Court upheld the previous ruling of 1954. In fact after due proceedings, a notice was posted at the door of the petitioner’s home stating that the petitioner have four months to vacate the property or else power police power will be used to prosecute the order based on the power of eminent domain (Larson, 2004). Is the ruling even fair? Is it morally correct to inflict undue suffering to the respondents? And is it ethical? The answer is no. That is why all the States of the Union are putting up legislations to curb the damning influence and abuse on the power of the law on eminent domain. How it will affect the future, your guess will be as good as mine!